Definition:

                  Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that result in discomfort and bleeding. They can occur both internally (inside the rectum) and externally (under the skin around the anus). Hemorrhoids are a common condition, and various factors can contribute to their development. 

Causes:

• Straining During Bowel Movements: 

This is a common cause, often associated with constipation.  

Pregnancy: 

Increased pressure on the pelvic veins during pregnancy can lead to the development of hemorrhoids.  

Chronic Diarrhea: 

Frequent episodes of diarrhea can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids.  

Sitting or Standing for Prolonged Periods: 

Lack of movement can contribute to increased pressure on the rectal veins. 

Symptoms:

• Bleeding: Bright red blood in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.  

• Itching and Irritation: Around the anal region.  

• Pain or Discomfort: Especially during bowel movements.  

• Swelling: Either inside the rectum or around the anus.  

Types:

• Internal Hemorrhoids: 

Located inside the rectum. They may bleed but are not usually painful unless they prolapse (extend outside the anal opening).  

• External Hemorrhoids: 

Located under the skin around the outside of the anal opening. They can be itchy or painful, especially during sitting or bowel movements.  

Diagnosis:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: 

                                                                         Healthcare providers may inquire about symptoms and perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal examination.  

• Proctoscopy or Anoscopy: 

                                                      These procedures involve the use of a small, lighted tube to examine the inside of the rectum and anus.  

Treatment:  

Lifestyle Modifications:  

• Increasing fiber intake to soften stools and prevent constipation.  

• Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated.  

• Avoiding straining during bowel movements.  

Topical Treatments:  

• Over-the-counter creams, ointments, or pads containing witch hazel or 

hydrocortisone for symptom relief. 

Sitz Baths:  

• Soaking the affected area in warm water for about 15 minutes several times a 

day can provide relief.  

Medical Procedures:  

• Rubber band ligation: A procedure to cut off blood supply to the hemorrhoid, 

causing it to shrink and fall off.  

• Sclerotherapy: Injection of a chemical solution to shrink the hemorrhoid.  

• Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of hemorrhoids, usually reserved for severe 

cases.