Definition:

 stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when there is a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to damage to brain tissue. This can result from a blocked blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Strokes are medical emergencies and require prompt attention and treatment to minimize damage and improve outcomes.


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Ischemic Stroke:

• Cause:

Caused by a blockage or clot in a blood vessel supplying the brain.

Types:

• Thrombotic Stroke:                

Caused by aclot that forms in an artery supplying the brain.

• Embolic Stroke:

Caused by a clot that travels to the brain from another part of the body, such as the heart.

Hemorrhagic Stroke:

• Cause:

Caused by bleeding in or around the brain.

• Types:

• Intracerebral Hemorrhage:

Bleeding within the brain tissue.

• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:

Bleeding in the space between the brain and the thin tissues covering the brain.

Risk Factors:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure):

A leading risk factor for strokes.

• Smoking:

              Increases the risk of blood clots.

• Diabetes:

               Increases the risk of vascularcomplications.

• Atrial Fibrillation:

                         A heart rhythm disorder that can lead to blood clots.

• Age and Gender:

                           The risk increases with age, and men are generally at a higher risk than premenopausal women.

Symptoms:

• FAST Acronym:

• Face: Sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face.

• Arms: Inability to lift both arms evenly.

• Speech: Slurred speech or difficulty speaking.

• Time: Time is crucial; seek emergency medical attention immediately if any of these symptoms are observed.

Diagnosis:

• Clinical Assessment:

                                          Healthcare providers assess symptoms, medical history, and conduct a physical examination.

• Imaging Studies:

                                  Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are used to visualize the brain and identify the type and location of the stroke.

Treatment:

• Ischemic Stroke:

• Thrombolytic Therapy (Alteplase): Given intravenously to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow.

• Mechanical Thrombectomy: In some cases, a catheter-based procedure is used to remove a large blood clot.

• Hemorrhagic Stroke:

• Treatment aims to control bleeding, reduce pressure on the brain, and address the underlying cause.