Definition:

                    Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, and releases it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Cholecystitis often occurs when there is an obstruction in the gallbladder's ducts, leading to the buildup of bile and causing inflammation. The obstruction is commonly due to gallstones, but it can also result from other causes.

Causes:

• Gallstones:

                     The most common cause of cholecystitis is the presence of gallstones, which are solid particles that form in the gallbladder.

• Bile Duct Obstruction:        

                                         Other causes of obstruction, such as tumors or strictures in the bile ducts, can also lead to cholecystitis.

• Infection:

                    In some cases, cholecystitis may be associated with bacterial infection of the gallbladder

Symptoms:

• Abdominal Pain:

                              The hallmark symptom is severe, steady pain in the upper right or center of the abdomen. The pain may radiate to the back or right shoulder.

• Nausea and Vomiting:

                                      Individuals with cholecystitis often experience nausea and may vomit.

• Fever:

             Fever may be present, indicating inflammation and possible infection.

• Tenderness:  

                      The abdomen may be tender to the touch, especially in the right upper quadrant.

Diagnosis:

• Medical History and Physical Examination:

                                                                         Healthcare providers will assess symptoms, perform a physical examination, and inquire about risk factors.

• Imaging Studies:

                               Ultrasound is commonly used to visualize the gallbladder and identify gallstones or signs of inflammation.

• Blood Tests:

                        Elevated levels of white blood cells and markers of inflammation may be indicative of cholecystitis.

Treatment:

• Nonsurgical Management:

                                            In mild cases, conservative treatment may include fasting, pain management, and antibiotics to treat infection.

• Cholecystectomy:

                                The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is the surgical removal of the gallbladder, a procedure known as cholecystectomy. This can be done through traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.

• Complications:

                           If left untreated, cholecystitis can lead to serious complications, such as the rupture of the gallbladder, infection of the abdominal cavity (peritonitis), or the development of abscesses.

Recovery After Surgery:

• Recovery from cholecystectomy is usually relatively quick, and most individuals can resume normal activities within a few weeks.